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Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in China. Non-small cell lung cancer is the main pathological type. Lymph node metastasis is the most common and primary metastatic pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Acknowledged as the major factor determining tumor staging and prognosis. Unfortunately, it's presently hard to make an accurate preoperative judgment on the lymph node metastasis of early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Consequently, there has been a long-standing controversy on lymph node sweeping for early stage non-small cell lung cancer, especially for those clinical stage I. The regularity of non-small cell lung cancer lymph node metastasis and the ways of lymph node sweeping will be reviewed in this paper. .
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Objective To evaluate the cleaning quality of different cleaning methods for laparoscopic instruments, ensure the cleaning quality of instruments.Methods The used laparoscopic instruments were classified into two categories: non-lumen instruments and lumen instruments. Three cleaning methods, traditional manual cleaning (A), manual cleaning + ultrasonic cleaning (B), manual cleaning + automatic cleaning disinfector (C), were adopted respectively for treating instruments. Cleaning quality of instruments were detected with ATP bioluminescence assay.Results The qualified rates of laparoscopic non-lumen instruments cleaned by methods A, B, and C were 78.75％, 95.71％, and 96.00％ respectively, difference was significant (χ2=16.453, P＜0.001);qualified rate of methods B and C for cleaning non-lumen instruments was higher than that of method A (P＜0.016), there was no significant difference between methods B and C (P＞0.016). Qualified rates of laparoscopic lumen instruments cleaned by methods A, B, and C were 76.47％, 98.75％, and 91.55％ respectively, difference was significant (χ2=21.087, P＜0.001); qualified rates of methods B and C for cleaning lumen instruments were both higher than that of method A (P＜0.016), there was no significant difference between methods B and C (P＞0.016). Conclusion Effect of manual cleaning + ultrasonic cleaning and manual cleaning + automatic cleaning disinfector on used laparoscopic instruments are both better than that of traditional manual cleaning method, can effectively guarantee the cleaning quality of instruments and help to ensure the operation safety of patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the rationality and validity of chemical medicine tablet production equipment cleaning pro-cedure. METHODS:Among several chemical medicines prepared by similar production technology as Metoprolol succinate sus-tained-release tablets,Captopril tablets,Isosorbide mononitrate tablet and Metformin hydrochloride tablet,Metoprolol succinate sus-tained-release tablets had strongest toxicity and were included in validation test. The production equipment was cleaned and disinfect-ed according to cleaning procedure. The point which was most difficult to clean could be wiped and sampled by using the cotton swab method. The detection limit and the limit of quantitation of the residue limits were verified as well as the recovery rate of wip-ing,in order to evaluate whether the results meet the requirements. RESULTS:The cotton swab method is adopted to wipe sample and detect the point which is most difficult to clean. The visible foreign body has not been found in each sampling point. The amount of residual drug is <29.75 μg/cotton bud,and microbial limits are <50 CFU/cotton bud,indicating test items are in line with the standard. CONCLUSIONS:The cleaning method can effectively clean the production equipment,and can effectively pre-vent product contamination and cross contamination to ensure the quality,efficacy and safety of the next batch of products.
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Introduction: Due to the size and design of endodontic files, these instruments have been considered one of the most difficult to clean among all dental instruments. The debris maintenance within the sulcus prevents the effective sterilization and may compromise the disinfection of root canal systems in endodontic therapy. However, there is neither a method nor technique that standardized the cleaning of these instruments. Objective: To evaluate the cleaning ability of four techniques used in dentistry. Material and methods: For this purpose, 30 new size #40 Flexofile were used for the preparation of the canals of mandibular molars of pigs. After instrumentation, the contamination and the presence of debris in the sulcus was confirmed and the files were randomly divided into four groups: control group (without cleaning), group 1 (enzymatic detergent + manual brushing with nylon bristle brush), group 2 (ultrasound + enzymatic detergent), group 3 (ultrasound + water) and group 4 (gauze embedded in 70% alcohol). Next, all files were photographed and photographs were printed at high quality. The spirals containing debris were counted. Results: Manual cleaning with enzymatic detergent and nylon bristle brush, ultrasound with either water or detergent showed the best cleaning capacity in which respectively 100%, 98.9% and 96.2%, of the spirals were free of debris. Cleaning with alcohol and gauze proved to be ineffective, showing debris in more than 40% of the spirals by visual analysis. In control group, 91% of the spirals presented debris. It can be concluded that the association between manual and ultrasound cleaning may be promising in ensuring a cleaning protocol for endodontic files cleaning.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of different abutment geometries in combination with varying luting agents and the effectiveness of different cleaning methods (prior to re-cementation) regarding the retentiveness of zirconia copings on implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Implants were embedded in resin blocks. Three groups of titanium abutments (pre-fabricated, height: 7.5 mm, taper: 5.7degrees; customized-long, height: 6.79 mm, taper: 4.8degrees; customized-short, height: 4.31 mm, taper: 4.8degrees) were used for luting of CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia copings with a semi-permanent (Telio CS) and a provisional cement (TempBond NE). Retention forces were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Furthermore, the influence of cleaning methods (manually, manually in combination with ultrasonic bath or sandblasting) prior to re-cementation with a provisional cement (TempBond NE) was investigated with the pre-fabricated titanium abutments (height: 7.5 mm, taper: 5.7degrees) and SEM-analysis of inner surfaces of the copings was performed. Significant differences were determined via two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Significant interactions between abutment geometry and luting agent were observed. TempBond NE showed the highest level of retentiveness on customized-long abutments, but was negatively affected by other abutment geometries. In contrast, luting with Telio CS demonstrated consistent results irrespective of the varying abutment geometries. Manual cleaning in combination with an ultrasonic bath was the only cleaning method tested prior to re-cementation that revealed retentiveness levels not inferior to primary cementation. CONCLUSION: No superiority for one of the two cements could be demonstrated because their influences on retentive strength are also depending on abutment geometry. Only manual cleaning in combination with an ultrasonic bath offers retentiveness levels after re-cementation comparable to those of primary luting.
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Baths , Cementation , Dental Cements , Titanium , UltrasonicsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To optimize the cleaning method of uterine cavity aspiration tube,compare with traditional method,in order to search the best way to improve the cleaning quality. METHODS Two groups A and B were set up according to the cleaning method and procedure. Group A (scrubbing group) was washed by optimized method,namely multi-enzyme soaking,scrubbing the lumen with special brush,rinsing with high pressure spray gun,and ultrasonic multi-enzyme cleaning. Group B (no scrubbing group) was used by traditional cleaning method;the cleaning procedure of Group B was almost the same with group A but had no lumen scrubbing. Both eyeballing and bacterial detection methods were used to compare cleaning quality of the two groups.RESULTS After cleaning procedure,the cleanliness pass rate of groups A and B was 99.52% and 56.25%,respectively (P
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Objective To investigate and assess the cleaning methods of re-using medical apparatus as well as choise the best one. Methods Five hundred metal appliances with moderate contamination were slected from supplying room and then divided into two groups. Two hundred and fifty pieces of control group were soaked by routint chlorine - containing sterilizating liquid , whereas in observation group, chlorine - containing sterilizating liquid adding multi-enzyme cleaning agent was applied with. Results Cleaning degree and residual blood contamination of both groups were tested by sampling survey, showing that the cleaning method of adding multi-enzyme cleaning agent is more prior to that with no multi-enzyme cleaning agent adding. Conclusion Cleaning method of adding multi-enzyme cleaning agent is more preferal method for supplying room.
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OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of cleaning the bloodstain and other organic matter left on the bivalve speculum by 5 different cleaning methods.METHODS The following methods were adopted for 400 bivalve speculums with bloodstain left from gynecological operations:manual cleaning method,ultrasonic cleaning method,fully automatic cleaning method,artificial cleaning plus ultrasonic cleaning method,artificial cleaning plus fully automatic cleaning method,and the effects were detected by visual observation method,magnifier detection method and occult blood test method.RESULTS The positive rate of visual observation on 5 groups of bivalve speculums was 5.00%,3.75%,2.50%,0 and 0,respectively,the positive rate of magnifier detection was 7.50%,5.00%,3.75%,1.25% and 1.25%,respectively,and the positive rate of occult blood test was 15.00%,12.50%,8.75%,4% and 2%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences among 5 cleaning methods(P